In the vast landscape of India, where a seamless and efficient transportation system is pivotal for economic growth and societal connectivity, the Indian Railways (IR) stands as a lifeline. As a statutory body under the Ministry of Railways, Government of India, the IR holds the distinction of being the fourth-largest railway network globally. With a track length surpassing 128,000 km, it plays a crucial role in ferrying both passengers and freight across the nation.
Indian Railways: A Network on the Move:
As of March 2022, the IR's expansive network comprised 3,18,196 freight wagons, 84,863 passenger coaches, and 13,215 locomotives, making it one of the largest railway systems globally. Operating 13,169 passenger trains daily and serving 7,325 stations, it remains an integral part of India's transport infrastructure. The IR has been making significant strides, achieving electrification milestones with 60,814 km of gauge routes electrified as of December 2023.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, acknowledging the importance of modernizing this colossal network, has been at the forefront of initiatives aimed at revitalizing Indian Railways. His vision encompasses both infrastructural improvements and technological advancements to ensure the railway system aligns with the needs of a rapidly developing nation.
Amrit Bharat Station Scheme: Transforming Railway Stations:
One of the key initiatives reflecting Modi's commitment to railway modernization is the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme, launched in February 2023. Aimed at redeveloping 1275 railway stations across India, this scheme is not merely a standalone effort but an integral part of larger government programs like BharatNet, Make in India, Startup India, Standup India, industrial corridors, Bharatmala, Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India, and Sagarmala.
The mission of the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme is clear: to modernize and enhance the quality of railway stations. Focusing on 1275 stations nationwide, with special attention to 18 in the Sonpur Division and 20 in the Samastipur Division, the scheme envisions a comprehensive upgrade. This includes improved accessibility, waiting areas, toilet facilities, lifts and escalators, cleanliness, free Wi-Fi, 'one station one product' kiosks for local products, better passenger information systems, executive lounges, spaces for business meetings, landscaping, and addressing unique station needs.
The ultimate goal is to transform these railway stations into vibrant city centers over the long term. This holistic approach aligns with Modi's vision of creating not just transport hubs but community spaces that contribute to the overall development of the regions they serve.
High-Speed Rail: Shaping the Future of Connectivity:
While traditional rail remains a backbone, Modi's vision extends to high-speed rail corridors that can significantly reduce travel times between major cities. Although operational high-speed rail lines are yet to be realized, the Mumbai to Ahmedabad corridor is under construction, aiming for a maximum operational speed of 320 km/h. This transformative project, using Shinkansen technology, is anticipated to reduce travel time between the two cities to approximately three hours, offering a competitive alternative to air travel.
Despite facing setbacks, including land acquisition challenges and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mumbai to Ahmedabad high-speed railway corridor is a testament to the government's commitment to embracing cutting-edge technology for the nation's benefit. Once completed, it will set the stage for future high-speed rail projects, connecting commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage centers, as outlined in the "Vision 2020" white paper presented to the parliament in 2009.
Prime Minister Gati Shakti: A Multi-Modal Connectivity Master Plan:
The Gati Shakti initiative, also known as the National Master Plan for Multi-modal Connectivity, is a monumental project valued at $1.2 trillion USD. Launched in 2021, this initiative aims to enhance the competitive edge of India's manufacturing sector through comprehensive multi-modal connectivity. It unites various ministries and departments, creating a digital platform for integrated project planning and connecting roadways, railways, airways, and waterways.
The plan focuses on facilitating the smooth movement of goods by enhancing transparency in monitoring projects and disseminating information about upcoming connectivity projects. By connecting Indian Roadways, Indian Railways, Indian Airways, and Indian Waterways, the Gati Shakti initiative is a testament to Modi's commitment to propel the Indian economy to a sustained 5 trillion dollars, with an eventual target of reaching a 20 trillion dollar economy by 2040.
The Gati Shakti initiative also aligns with the goal of achieving a "net zero" carbon emissions railway by 2030, showcasing the government's dedication to sustainable and eco-friendly solutions.
Revitalizing Railway Stations: A Testament to Visionary Leadership:
The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and other railway initiatives under Modi's leadership are not isolated efforts but part of a comprehensive strategy to revitalize the entire railway ecosystem. Modi's keen interest in transforming the railways dates back to the early days of his tenure. His involvement in envisioning cleaner trains, embracing new technologies, and even proposing the establishment of a railway university reflects a visionary approach.
The parallels drawn between the Modi government's ambitious railway plans and the Vajpayee government's Golden Quadrilateral road initiative emphasize the significant investment in transforming transportation infrastructure. The focus on constructing new lines, enhancing track capacity, and introducing faster trains aligns with Modi's commitment to providing efficient and modern transportation solutions to the citizens of India.
Transformative Railway Construction and Expansion:
Under Modi's leadership, the Indian Railways has witnessed substantial expansion, with around 25,000 km of new lines constructed in nine years. Notably, the recent establishment of around 5,243 km of lines within a year, including Dedicated Freight Corridors, reflects a significant stride in network expansion, especially across the Northeast. This progress is in line with the government's commitment to ensuring that the railways keep pace with the growing demands of a dynamic and evolving nation.
The ongoing projects, including the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and the National Rail Plan-2030, highlight the government's foresight in modernizing critical aspects of the Railways. These endeavors are geared towards not only meeting the immediate needs but also aligning with long-term development goals until 2050.
Challenges and Safety Concerns: A Balanced Oversight Approach:
While celebrating the achievements and transformative initiatives, it's essential to acknowledge the challenges faced by the Indian Railways. Safety concerns, particularly in the wake of tragic accidents like the Coromandel Express and Bengaluru-Howrah Express collision in 2023, have prompted the government to establish a dedicated fund and implement safety measures. These incidents have underscored the need for a balanced oversight approach to ensure the well-being of passengers and the efficiency of railway operations.
The reported decline in accidents per million train kilometers is a positive sign, but the delays in inquiry reports following accidents remain a concern. Recent actions, such as the CBI's involvement post the Odisha accident, indicate potential changes in handling such incidents, signifying a shift in approach regarding safety and accountability. The emphasis on safety aligns with Modi's commitment to ensuring that the railways not only evolve but also prioritize the well-being of passengers.
Conclusion: A Railway Renaissance Under Modi's Leadership:
In conclusion, the trajectory of Indian Railways under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's leadership reflects a renaissance in the country's transportation infrastructure. The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme, high-speed rail initiatives, the Gati Shakti master plan, and comprehensive railway reforms are integral components of this transformative journey.
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