Introduction
Pakistan, the self-declared ‘savior of Islam’ has recently imposed an exit fee on Afghan asylum seekers, coupled with a crackdown on undocumented refugees, has triggered a humanitarian crisis with far-reaching implications.
The move, initiated in November, has raised concerns globally, particularly from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as it impacts both documented and undocumented Afghans residing in Pakistan.
Crackdown and Exit Fee Imposition
At the onset of November, Pakistan initiated a harsh crackdown against Afghan asylum seekers, urging unregistered individuals to leave the country by November 1. The measures, ostensibly aimed at undocumented refugees, have also affected those with legal papers, including individuals who worked with Western governments and agencies in Afghanistan, seeking refuge from Taliban persecution.
Exit Fee Controversy
What has intensified the crisis is the imposition of an exit fee amounting to USD 830 or nearly Rs 69,000. This fee applies to all asylum seekers, further complicating their ability to flee the country. Notably, the payment process, requiring the use of a credit card, poses a challenge as many Afghans lack access to such financial instruments.
International Response and Concerns
The UNHCR, on November 21, expressed deep concerns over Pakistan's directive for undocumented foreigners to leave, highlighting adverse effects on Afghan nationals, including registered refugees and those with valid documents. The international community, including the United States and the United Kingdom, have plans to resettle significant numbers of Afghan refugees, but the exit fee hurdle has complicated the execution of these plans.
Humanitarian Crisis and Mass Returns
Since the announcement of Pakistan's plan on October 3, 2023, an estimated 374,000 people have returned to Afghanistan, adding to the ongoing humanitarian crisis. The surge in the number of individuals returning to Afghanistan is compounding the already dire humanitarian crisis, particularly as winter temperatures plummet. In certain regions, the temperature has dipped to as low as -4°C, intensifying the challenges faced by those grappling with displacement and lack of basic necessities. There appears to be a concerning indifference on the part of Pakistan.
As the influx of returnees strains the limited resources available, the harsh winter conditions are magnifying the vulnerability of displaced populations. The sub-zero temperatures are exacerbating health risks, exposing millions to the perils of cold-related illnesses. Shelter, food, and medical assistance is becoming an increasingly urgent need for those struggling to survive in these harsh conditions.
Hashoo Foundation's Afghan Refugees Settlement I-12
Refugee Crisis Background
Afghanistan is currently experiencing its fifth wave of a refugee crisis, with the Taliban takeover in mid-2021 prompting a significant exodus of Afghans to neighboring countries. The scale of the crisis, with over 64 lakh refugees and asylum seekers in 2023, surpasses previous records, breaking the threshold of the 1990s crisis.
UN's Call for a Solution
The United Nations has been grappling with the escalating crisis, advocating for international cooperation to address the plight of Afghan asylum seekers. The proposed resettlement plans by the U.S. and the UK face challenges, and the UN has emphasized the need for a comprehensive solution to safeguard the well-being of the displaced population.
The stark contrast between Iran and Pakistan
In the wake of this crisis, which has seen over 1.6 million Afghans seeking refuge in neighboring countries since 2021, Iran has emerged as a key player in the humanitarian effort, solidifying its position as the world's second-largest host of refugees.
With a population of at least 3.4 million refugees and individuals in similar circumstances, Iran has become a critical refuge for those fleeing the turmoil in Afghanistan. Of this population, 2.6 million are Afghans, with a staggering 1 million arriving since 2021 alone. Despite officially closed borders, Iran has demonstrated a compassionate stance by allowing Afghans to enter through informal crossing points, reflecting a commitment to addressing the urgent needs of those escaping conflict and instability.
Iran's commitment goes beyond providing mere shelter, as it extends health and education policies to all Afghan residents within its borders. This inclusive approach underscores Iran's recognition of the multifaceted challenges faced by Afghan refugees, addressing not only their immediate need for a safe haven but also their long-term well-being, health, and educational opportunities.
International Outcry and Unprecedented Measures
The imposition of an exit fee on asylum seekers has drawn international condemnation. Western diplomats, quoted anonymously, have called it an unprecedented step, emphasizing the economic hardships faced by Pakistan.
The issue has been raised by UN agencies and diplomatic channels, urging reconsideration of the exit fee and seeking alternative solutions to protect the vulnerable Afghan population.
Conclusion
The Afghan asylum seeker crisis, exacerbated by Pakistan's exit fee and crackdown, requires urgent international attention and collaborative efforts to address the humanitarian challenges.
The ongoing mass returns, compounded by winter conditions, further highlights the need for a compassionate and coordinated response to ensure the safety and well-being of innocent Afghan refugees and asylum seekers.
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