Introduction
In an era marked by global tensions and geopolitical shifts, India finds itself at a pivotal juncture, grappling with the challenges of maintaining its strategic interests while striving for economic progress. S. Jaishankar, the Union Minister for External Affairs, recently shed light on India's stance on various pressing issues, offering insights into the country's foreign policy approach and domestic priorities.
For developed India, dependence on China will have to be reduced: S Jaishankar
Global Conflicts and Tensions
Amidst ongoing conflicts such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the Israel-Palestine crisis in Gaza, Jaishankar acknowledged the tense global situation and underscored the need for India to have a government with prestige, standing, and maturity. He predicted that the next four to five years would be exceptionally challenging globally, emphasizing the importance of India's leadership in navigating these turbulent times.
Reducing Dependence on China and Boosting Manufacturing
Jaishankar highlighted the imperative for India to reduce its dependence on China and focus more on the construction sector to propel its journey towards becoming a developed nation. He attributed India's lag in manufacturing to China's earlier economic reforms and stressed the Modi government's intention and policy to diminish reliance on Chinese imports.
Jaishankar's remarks echoed the government's broader push for self-reliance and the "Make in India" initiative, aimed at fostering domestic manufacturing and investment. Despite robust bilateral trade between India and China, amounting to a record $118.4 billion in the fiscal year 2024, the significant trade deficit remains a concern.
Border Tensions and Infrastructure Development
Addressing the contentious issue of China's construction of new infrastructure along the border, Jaishankar clarified that this infrastructure is being built on land occupied during the 1962 invasion or earlier. He asserted that no Indian land has been occupied by China after 2020 or since the NDA government came to power.
Jaishankar acknowledged the complexity of the situation along the China border and highlighted India's efforts to strengthen its border infrastructure under the Vibrant Village Scheme. The development of roads, bridges, tunnels, and facilities for soldiers has not only curbed migration from border villages but also boosted tourism in these regions.
Critiquing the previous UPA government's neglect of infrastructure development due to concerns about enemy infiltration, Jaishankar contrasted it with the Modi government's substantial increase in the budget for China border infrastructure, from Rs 3,500 crore to Rs 15,000 crore.
Dalai Lama's Presence and India-China Relations
Addressing the tension with China over the presence of the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, in India, Jaishankar explained that the Dalai Lama sought refuge in India after China's aggression in 1962. He affirmed India's commitment to sheltering those facing faith-based persecution and stated that the country would never ask the Dalai Lama to leave, as it respects and has immense faith in him. Jaishankar emphasized that resolving the Tibet issue is a matter for the Dalai Lama and China to decide.
Pakistan and Cross-Border Terrorism
On the thorny issue of India-Pakistan relations, Jaishankar asserted that India has made it clear to Pakistan that it will pay a price for nurturing terrorism. He warned that if Pakistan continues to promote terrorism, India will respond across the Line of Control (LoC). For normal relations to prevail, Pakistan must control cross-border terrorism.
Regarding Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), Jaishankar reiterated the Modi government's promise to reclaim the region, highlighting the parliamentary resolution passed with support from the entire opposition. He criticized the current opposition for weakening India's global position by criticizing the country on the PoK issue.
United Nations and India's Bid for Permanent Membership
On India's bid for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council, Jaishankar expressed optimism, stating that significant progress has been made, and the matter is nearing a decision. While acknowledging China's opposition, he noted that developing countries support India's permanent membership and prefer closer relations with India over China.
Economic Challenges and Trade Policies
Jaishankar addressed the issue of increased duties on apple imports, clarifying that this decision was made during the previous UPA government's tenure. He assured that the Central Government is reviewing the import duty issue and will take necessary steps to stop any unfair trade practices if apples are being imported through improper routes.
Jaishankar had previously emphasized the need for Indian companies to diminish their reliance on imports from China and transition towards local procurement. Addressing the Confederation of Indian Industry's (CII) annual business summit, he stressed exercising caution in business dealings with China, despite ongoing trade relations.
Acknowledging the difficulty of immediately stopping dependence on Chinese imports, Jaishankar urged Indian businesses to focus on local sourcing in the medium to long term. He highlighted the importance of considering national security in business decisions, particularly in relation to China, and encouraged Indian companies to adopt a long-term perspective on this issue.
Conclusion
In the midst of a "perfect storm" of global challenges, including fuel, food, and fertilizer crises, as well as the persistent threat of terrorism and extremism, Jaishankar underscored India's judicious combination of "Bharat First" and "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" (the world is one family) as defining its image as a global partner.
As India navigates the complexities of geopolitical tensions, border disputes, and economic challenges, Jaishankar's remarks underscore the country's resolve to chart its own course, balancing national interests with global responsibilities. India's strategic outlook emphasizes self-reliance, strengthening domestic manufacturing, and reducing dependence on nations that threaten its territorial integrity, while simultaneously advocating for peace, diplomacy, and closer ties with the global community.
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